Improvement in steam-boilers



PATENTED JAN. 17, 1865 L. E. G. MARTIN. STEAM BOILER BHBETS-SHEET 2.

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No. 45,955. PATENTED JAN. 17, 1865.

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STEAM BOILER,

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W wwh No. 45,955. PATENTED JAN. 17, 1865. L. E, G. MARTIN.

.STEAM BOILER.

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lllll To all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS EMILE CONSTANT MARTIN, OFLONDON, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-BOILERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 45,955, dated January 17, 1865.

Be it knownthat 1, LoUIs EMILE. CONSTANT MARTIN, of No. 1t Adam Street, Adclphi, in the county of Middlesex, Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers and Apparatus for Generating Steam; and I do hereby declare the following to be a'full, clear, and exact description pf the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and

to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention has for its object improvements in boilers and apparatus for generating steam, with a view to secure a great economy in fuel. For these purposes, in constructing boilers and apparatus for generating steam, 5

two or more fire places or furnaces are by preference employed in each case. The form or construction of each boiler and apparatus may be greatly varied, depending on the use to;

which the same are to be applied. In constructing a boiler and apparatus where two fire-places or furnaces are used, the external form of the vessel containing the water may be circular in its horizontal section or rectangular or otherwise. The fire-places or furnaces are by preference constructed within the lower partof the boiler; but they may, if desired, be arranged below the bottom of the boiler or essel containing the water. From the upper part of each of the furnaces or fireplaces'tubula-r flues rise up to a hollow chamber which is within the boiler or vessel containing the water, and usually the whole of this chamber and the tubular fines leading thereto are below the water-level; but, if desired, arrangements may -be' made for superheating the steam above the water by some portion ofthe heated products which rise from the fires, In some cases a steam pipe or pipes 'is or are used to introduce steam or super-- her or space communicating with a chimney,

and a fan or other suitable apparatus may be applied for withdrawing the products, in order Below this horizontal that there may at all times be a' draft in that direction.

By passing through the second or incandescent fire in this refractory hearth, the usual products of combustion from the first fires are transformed into combustible gases,- which are then made to enter a chamber or space where they may be ignited; or, if preferred,

they may be taken througha flue'o'r flues, so

, nets of combustion maybe combined with any number of incandescent. fires, which will transform the usual inco'mbustible products of combustion ot'the. first fires into combustible products, and that'f -these combustible products may then be'made available,leither to heat the boiler in" immediate connection with them, or be conveyed-to other boilers at a greater or less distance from the main gasproduciug apparatus.

To each of the fireplaces or furnaces there is a suitable ash-pit, and combustion of the fuel in the furnaces or fire-places is supported by atmospheric air in the usual manner.

Having thus stated the nature of my invention, 1 will proceed more'fully to describe the manner of performing the same, in order to enable others skilled in the art to make and use it.

Figures 1 and 2, Sheetl, of the accompanying sheets of drawings, which form a part of this specification, show two vertical sections of a steam-boiler constructed according to my invention. These sections are taken at right angles to each other. Figs. 3 and 4 are two horizontal sections of the same.

A A are the fire-places or furnaces, having feeding-doors at A A. These furnaces .or fireplaces are connected with the chamber 0 by tubularflues B, which chamber, in this ar rangement shown, is wholly immersed, and is below the water-level in the boiler; but this may be varied,-and apart or the whole may rise above the water-level. The products of combustion descend from the-chamber 0 down the flue .or passage, or it may be through a series of tubular passages, into the space above the grating for: perforated partition-E, of fireclay, on which is'kept a fire of coke, or cinders, or charcoal, either through doorwaysformed in the sides ofthe chamberG; or, when desired, the fuel may be passed by suitable openings through the upper passage, F, where it is or-' dinarily closed bythe cylinder-feeder G. (Seen in Figs. 1 and 2 of Plate 1.) The chamber or ash-pit H may, it isobvious, communicate with a fan or other apparatus, to insure a draft in that direction.

The construction of boilers and furnaces may be greatly varied when carrying out my invention, and it is not necessary in each. case to have two fire-places or furnaces A, and it may be found desirable in some cases to have more than two fire-places A.

Figs.5 and 6, Sheet 2, show a'vertical and horizontal section of a steam-boiler and furnaces or fire-places wherein two fire-places'or furnaces A are used in combination with one fire-place E, to which the description previously given is applicable, excepting that the fire-doors are all shown to beat the sides. Figs. 7 and 8 show a vertical section and a horizontal section of another arrangement of boiler where only, one fire-place or furnace A is employed incombination with one fire-place E, in which the ordinary fuel is supplied to the furnace or fire-place A. The products of combustion pass into'the upper compartment or chamber 0, over the partition, and descend through the grating or perforated partition Efof fire-clay, into the compartment H, from which a draft is constantly induced by a fan or other suitable means;

Figs. 8,9, and 10, Sheet 3, show a longitudinal section, a transverse section, and ahorizontal sectionjof aloeomotive steam-boiler, in which the fire-box is divided by a-hollow partition, and has through it numeroustubular passages G, which connect the upper part, B, of the fire-place A with the upper part, D, of the descending fiuelor compartment where the perforated partition or grating E, of fireclay, is situated. In this arrangement the supply of air to the ash-pit of the furnace A is by a folding valve or door, J,,by which'the quantity of air admitted to the fire in the fireplace A is regulated. Theproducts of combustion rising from the fire in Apass through the tubular passagesO, and thence .descend through the fire in E, as before explained, and thence into and away from the compartment H, the lower part of which is closed, so as to prevent the atmospheric air supplied through the passage J getting into the compartment H, except through-the fire in A.

Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 4, are vertical and horizontal sections of modifications of vertical boilers, in which the water-level is below the tops of the tubes, which, passing through'the steam space, more or less superheat'the steam contained therein.

In each of the figures shownby the drawin gs the same letters of reference are employed,

and although the forms of the parts thereby referred to are varied, they respectively performthe like functions in each combination or construction. v

WhatI claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

The arrangement of one or more fires, substantially in the combination described, to

generate the usual products of combustion,

with one or more auxiliary incandescent fires,

arranged on one or more refractory hearths, substantially as described, through which these usual produetsare carried, and which, after being transformed into combustible gases, pass through one or more flues'into one. or more chambers of combustion, where these ultimate gases are ignited, and. thus effect a largeeconomy in fuel, v LOUIS EMILE CONSTANT MARTiN. Witnesses: v E. H. AYDON,

11 Adam Street, Adelphi, London, W. 0.

. F. WiHaws, 17 Gracechuroh Street, London, E. G. 

